Then, an increase in the number of patients from 2 to 3 is construed to mean that the relative risk has increased by 1.5 times from the perspective of how much more an individual is likely to develop a disease. Suppose a group is exposed to some risk factor while another group is not, and there are 2 patients of a certain disease among one million people in the non-exposed group, while there are 3 patients among one million people in the exposed group. There is also an attributable risk that represents how much a certain factor increases the incidence or mortality rate of a group. The value obtained by subtracting 1 from the relative risk is an excess relative risk and shows an increased amount of risks compared with a group free from risk factors. In epidemiology, the term "risk" normally refers to a relative risk. A relative risk represents how many times a certain factor increases the risk of an individual exposed thereto.
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